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1.
Clin Nutr ESPEN ; 60: 139-145, 2024 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479902

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the influence of the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene on vitamin D levels, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with Cystic Fibrosis supplemented with cholecalciferol megadose. METHODS: We performed a single-arm, non-randomized pre- and post-study of 17 patients aged 5 to 20 years with cystic fibrosis diagnosed with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency 25-hydroxy vitamin< 30 ng/mL. Individuals were genotyped for the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene and all received cholecalciferol supplementation of 4,000 IU daily for children aged 5 to 10 years and 10,000 IU for children over 10 years of age for 8 weeks. Interviews were conducted with personal data, sun exposure, anthropometric and blood samples of 25-hydroxy vitamin parathormone, serum calcium, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and kidney and liver function. Inter- and intra-group assessment was assessed by paired t-test Anova test or its non-parametric counterparts. RESULTS: The individuals were mostly male and reported no adverse effects from the use of supplementation, 64 % had 25-hydroxy vitamin levels >30 ng/mL. Patients with BB and Bb genotypes showed increased serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin. The group with BB genotype showed a reduction in alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. And individuals with the bb genotype had high levels of malondialdehyde compared to the pre-intervention time. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that variations of the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene have different responses in vitamin D levels and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis , Vitamin D Deficiency , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cholecalciferol , Cystic Fibrosis/genetics , Dietary Supplements , Malondialdehyde , Orosomucoid/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism , Vitamin D , Vitamin D Deficiency/genetics , Vitamins , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Young Adult
2.
Nutrients ; 12(2)2020 Jan 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32019154

ABSTRACT

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism associated with body fat accumulation could possibly trigger an inflammatory process by elevating homocysteine levels and increasing cytokine production, causing several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food intervention, and not folate supplements, on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in overweight and obese women with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A randomized, double-blind eight-week clinical trial of 48 overweight and obese women was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. They received 300 g of vegetables daily for eight weeks containing different doses of folate: 95 µg/day for Group 1 and 191 µg/day for Group 2. MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping was assessed by digestion with HinfI enzyme and on 12% polyacrylamide gels. Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary recall, and biochemical analysis (blood folic acid, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Group 2 had a significant increase in folate intake (p < 0.001) and plasma folic acid (p < 0.05) for individuals with the cytosine-cytosine (CC), cytosine-thymine (CT), and thymine-thymine (TT) genotypes. However, only individuals with the TT genotype presented reduced levels of Hcy, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß (p < 0.001). Group 1 showed significant differences in folate consumption (p < 0.001) and folic acid levels (p < 0.05) for individuals with the CT and TT genotypes. Food intervention with folate from vegetables increased folic acid levels and reduced interleukins, TNF-α, and Hcy levels, mainly for individuals with the TT genotype.


Subject(s)
Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics , Obesity/genetics , Overweight/genetics , Vegetables , Adult , Diet/methods , Diet Surveys , Double-Blind Method , Female , Folic Acid/blood , Genotype , Homocysteine/blood , Humans , Interleukin-1beta/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Middle Aged , Nutrigenomics , Obesity/blood , Obesity/diet therapy , Overweight/blood , Overweight/diet therapy , Polymorphism, Genetic , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Vitamin B 12/blood
3.
Saúde debate ; 43(spe2): 19-34, nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059046

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A Pesquisa Translacional é interdisciplinar e está apoiada em três pilares: pesquisa de bancada (básica), leito (aplicações clínicas) e comunidade (aplicações nos sistemas de saúde). O estudo, baseado nos cinco estágios da Pesquisa Translacional, resgatou o histórico da deficiência de vitamina A e da cegueira nutricional no Brasil (T0); o caminho da descoberta científica à escolha da intervenção - suplementação vitamínica (T1); a avaliação da eficácia da intervenção candidata por ensaio randomizado e controlado (T2); a avaliação da implementação e da cobertura na prática (T3); e a avaliação do impacto da intervenção (T4). Para verificar o impacto, aplicou-se a estatística superior de Wald, visando identificar quebras estruturais ao longo da série histórica da mortalidade geral de crianças entre 6 e 59 meses de idade. Para a região Nordeste, que apresentou a maior cobertura programática, o modelo sinalizou três quebras - agosto/1984, junho/1994 e maio/2006 -, nas quais foram estimadas reduções de 10%, 17% e 23%, respectivamente, na ocorrência mensal de óbitos infantis. O processo para a construção do conhecimento sobre a deficiência desta vitamina, a escolha da intervenção, a aplicação deste conhecimento no estabelecimento do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A e a avaliação do seu impacto configuram um exemplo de Pesquisa Translacional em saúde coletiva.


ABSTRACT Translational Research is interdisciplinary and supported by three pillars: bench (basic investigation), bedside (clinical applications) and community (applications in healthcare systems). The study, based on the five stages of translational research, reviewed the history of vitamin A deficiency and nutritional blindness in Brazil (T0); the pathway from scientific discovery to intervention choice - vitamin supplementation (T1); an assessment of the candidate intervention efficacy via randomized controlled trial (T2); the assessment of implementation and coverage in practice (T3) and the intervention impact assessment (T4). To estimate the impact, we applied Wald superior statistics to identify structural breaks along the time series of general mortality of children between 6 and 59 months of age. In the Northeast, region that presents the largest program coverage, the model pointed to three breaks: August/1984, June/1994 and May/2006, in which we estimated reductions of 10%, 17% and 23%, respectively, in the monthly incidence of children´s death. The process to construct knowledge about vitamin A deficiency, the choice of the intervention, the knowledge translation to establish the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program and the evaluation of its impact, constitute an example of translational research in collective health.

4.
Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 22(2): 173-180, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-913779

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação do retinol sérico, proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-us) e a ingestão de fibras alimentares em uma população de idosos hipertensos. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 170 idosos com idade entre 60 e 90 anos, de ambos os sexos, de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Para as análises bioquímicas, as concentrações de retinol sérico e PCR-us foram analisadas e um questionário quantitativo de frequência de alimentar auto-administrado foi coletado. Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão: idosos de 60 a 90 anos que residiam na cidade de João Pessoa e hipertensão auto-relatada. Os critérios de exclusão foram indivíduos com transtornos neuropsiquiátricos e indivíduos que relataram suplementação de vitamina A, carotenóides ou suplementos de fibras. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de Wilcoxon, teste exato de Fisher e análise de regressão logística. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o Software R Development Core Team. Resultados: Não foram observadas relações significativas entre hipertensão arterial e níveis séricos de retinol (p = 0,4325), níveis de PCR (p = 0,4104) e consumo de fibra alimentar (p = 0,0935). Com base na regressão logística, cada aumento de 1 unidade no índice de massa corporal (IMC) aumenta a probabilidade de hipertensão em 0,009545%. As outras variáveis não contribuíram para o modelo de regressão final. Conclusão: Considerando a alta prevalência de indivíduos hipertensos com valores adequados de retinol, não houve associação entre retinol sérico, níveis de PCR e ingestão de fibra. A maioria dos participantes apresentou níveis normais de PCR-us, que podem ter sido influenciados pela atividade antioxidante do retinol e pela ingestão inadequada de fibras. (AU)


Objective: To investigate the association between serum retinol, highlsensitivityC- reactive protein (hs-CRP) and dietary fiber intake in a population of hypertensive elderlies. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study with170 elderly people aged 60-90 years, of both sexes, from a city in northeastern Brazil. Biochemical analyses were performed, in which serum retinol and hs- CRP concentrations were analyzed, and a self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire was applied. Inclusion criteria were: 60-90 years old, living in the city of Joao Pessoa, and selfreported hypertension. Exclusion criteria were: individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders, and individuals who reported supplementation of vitamin A, carotenoids or fiber supplements. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed with the R Development Core Team Software. Results: No significant relationships were observed between hypertension and serum retinol levels (p = 0.4325), hs-CRP levels (p = 0.4104) and dietary fiber intake (p = 0.0935). Based on logistic regression, each 1 unit increase in body mass index (BMI) increases the probability of hypertension by 0.009545%. The other variables did not contribute to the final regression model. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of hypertensive individuals with adequate retinolvalues, there was no association between serum retinol, CRP levels and fiber intake. The majority of participants had normal hs-CRP levels, which may have been influenced by the antioxidant activity of retinol and inadequate fiber intake. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , C-Reactive Protein , Vitamin A , Aged , Dietary Fiber , Hypertension
5.
Rev. bras. promoç. saúde (Impr.) ; 29(1): 93-99, jan.-mar.2016.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827408

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar a percepção de profissionais que atuam na área de saúde sobre o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 15 profissionais de saúde selecionados por amostragem intencional, que trabalhavam em Unidades Básicas de Saúde e maternidades no município de Campina Grande/PB entre os meses de fevereiro e maio de 2010. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semidirigida, conduzida por questões norteadoras. O material foi submetido à Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Após análise, emergiram três categorias temáticas. RESULTADOS: A percepção dos entrevistados mostrou-se focada na suplementação do micronutriente em detrimento de outras ações pertinentes ao Programa. A falta de capacitação/treinamento, o processo de trabalho fragmentado nas equipes, a irregularidade no fornecimento das cápsulas, a ausência de material educativo e técnico sobre o Programa foram citados como pontos dificultadores e podem contribuir para a não apreensão de sua proposta, como um conjunto de ações articuladas para o combate e/ ou controle da deficiência da vitamina A. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de um processo de capacitação crítico e reflexivo para os profissionais de saúde, além da produção e disseminação de material educativo, com vista ao aprimoramento do Programa e sua ampla divulgação, à padronização de normas técnicas e à regularidade na suplementação. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados envolvendo outros atores do Programa (mães, gestores), com o objetivo de compreender outros fatores que possam contribuir para que o Programa obtenha o impacto esperado


OBJECTIVE: To identify the health professionals' perception of the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study, conducted with 15 health professionals selected by intentional sampling, who worked in Primary Health Care Units and maternity units of the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, between the months of February and May 2010. For data collection, a semistructured interview was applied, conducted by guiding questions. Data was submitted to Content Analysis in the thematic mode. After analysis, three thematic categories emerged. RESULTS: The interviewees' perception was focused on the micronutrient supplementation to the detriment of other relevant actions to the program. The lack of qualification/training, the fragmented work process in the teams, the irregularity of the capsules supply, and the lack of educational and technical material on the program were cited as hindering points, and are liable to contribute to non-understanding of its proposal, as a set of articulated actions for vitamin A deficiency combat and/or control. CONCLUSION: The results point out the need for a critical and reflexive training process for the health professionals, in addition to the production and spread of educational material aiming at improving the Program and its dissemination, at the technical rules standardization, and the regularity of supplementation. It is suggested that further studies be developed involving other actors within the Program(mothers, managers), with the aim of understanding other factors that might contribute to the program in the achievement of the expected impacts


OBJETIVO: Identificar la percepción de profesionales que actúan en el área de la salud sobre el Programa Nacional de Suplemento de Vitamina A. MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y de naturaleza cualitativa realizado con 15 profesionales sanitários elegidos por muestreo intencional y que trabajaban en Unidades Básicas de Salud y maternidades del municipio de Campina Grande/PB entre los meses de febrero y mayo de 2010. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó la entrevista semidirigida que fue conducida por cuestiones norteadoras. Se realizó el Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad temática. Tras el análisis emergieron tres categorías temáticas. RESULTADOS: La percepción de los entrevistados estuvo centrada en el suplemento del micronutriente en vez de otras acciones del Programa. La falta de capacitación/ entrenamiento, el proceso de trabajo dividido en equipos, la irregularidad del suministro de las capsulas, la falta de material educativo y técnico sobre el Programa fueron citados como aspectos que dificultan y que pueden contribuir para la no adquisición de su propuesta como un grupo de acciones articuladas para el combate y/o control de la deficiencia de la vitamina A. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados señalan la necesidad de un proceso de capacitación crítico y reflexivo para los profesionales sanitarios además de la producción y diseminación de material educativo para el perfeccionamiento del Programa y su amplia divulgación, la estandarización de las normas técnicas y la regularidad del suplemento. Sugiérese que se hagan nuevos estudios involucrando otros actores del Programa (madres, gestores) para la comprensión de otros factores que puedan contribuir para el impacto esperado del Programa


Subject(s)
Humans , Vitamin A Deficiency , Qualitative Research , Health Services
6.
Rev Saude Publica ; 47(2): 248-56, 2013 Apr.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24037351

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and its associated factors in children. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study, involving 1,211 children of both sexes, aged between six and 59 months old, was carried out in the urban zone of 9 cities in the state of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil. Vitamin A status was assessed by serum retinol levels (high performance liquid chromatography - HPLC) and subclinical infection was assessed by C-reactive protein concentrations. Socioeconomic, demographic and sanitation conditions, as well as vitamin A supplement intake, were also evaluated. Children with serum retinol concentrations RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 21.8% (95%CI 19.6;24.2), showing an association with subclinical infection and lack of indoor plumbing. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 21.8% (95%CI 19.6;24.2). After adjustment, vitamin A deficiency was found to be linked with subclinical infection and lack of indoor plumbing. Vitamin A deficiency was four times higher (CI95% 1.49;10.16) in children with subclinical infection whose homes were without indoor plumbing, compared to children who were not infected and with indoor plumbing in their homes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite activities aimed at the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency, hypovitaminosis A, remains a public health concern among children under five.


Subject(s)
Vitamin A Deficiency/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , C-Reactive Protein , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Vitamin A Deficiency/blood , Vitamin A Deficiency/etiology
7.
Rev. saúde pública ; 47(2): 248-256, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685579

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência da deficiência de vitamina A em crianças e os fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal de base populacional realizado com 1.211 crianças de seis a 59 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, procedentes da área urbana de nove cidades do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. O estado nutricional de vitamina A foi avaliado pelas concentrações séricas de retinol e presença de infecção subclínica avaliada pelas concentrações de proteína C-reativa. Foram investigadas as condições socioeconômicas, demográficas, de saneamento, além da suplementação prévia com vitamina A. Foram consideradas com deficiência de vitamina A as crianças com concentrações de retinol sérico < 0,70 µmol/L. Níveis séricos de vitamina A < 0,70 µmol/L com prevalência ≥ 20% foram considerados como grave problema de saúde pública. Análises uni e multivaridas foram conduzidas para testar associações estatísticas (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de deficiência de vitamina A foi de 21,8% (IC95% 19,6;24,2), mostrando associação com a presença de infecção subclínica e ausência de água no domicílio. A prevalência de deficiência de vitamina A foi de 21,8% (IC95% 19,6;24,2). Após ajuste para confundimento, a deficiência de vitamina A mostrou-se associada com a presença de infecção subclínica e com a ausência de água no domicílio. A ocorrência da deficiência de vitamina A foi quatro vezes maior (IC95% 1,49;10,16) em crianças com infecção subclínica e sem água no domicilio, comparativamente às crianças ...


OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and its associated factors in children. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study, involving 1,211 children of both sexes, aged between six and 59 months old, was carried out in the urban zone of 9 cities in the state of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil. Vitamin A status was assessed by serum retinol levels (high performance liquid chromatography – HPLC) and subclinical infection was assessed by C-reactive protein concentrations. Socioeconomic, demographic and sanitation conditions, as well as vitamin A supplement intake, were also evaluated. Children with serum retinol concentrations RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 21.8% (95%CI 19.6;24.2), showing an association with subclinical infection and lack of indoor plumbing. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 21.8% (95%CI 19.6;24.2). After adjustment, vitamin A deficiency was found to be linked with subclinical infection and lack of indoor plumbing. Vitamin A deficiency was four times higher (CI95% 1.49;10.16) in children with subclinical infection whose homes were without indoor plumbing, compared to children who were not infected and with indoor plumbing in their homes. CONCLUSIONS Despite activities aimed at the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency, hypovitaminosis A, remains a public health concern among children under five. .


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Vitamin A Deficiency/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , C-Reactive Protein , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Vitamin A Deficiency/blood , Vitamin A Deficiency/etiology
8.
J Nutr Metab ; 2013: 876308, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24455219

ABSTRACT

Objective. To measure concentrations of serum retinol in children after the use of maternal vitamin A double megadose supplements. Design. Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting. The study was conducted at two maternity hospitals in the city of Recife, in the northeast region of Brazil between August 2007 and June 2009. Subjects and Methods. 276 children/mothers were recruited after birth and the women received a 200,000 IU capsule of vitamin A. After ten days they were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. One group received a second 200.000 IU capsule, while the other received a placebo. The concentrations of retinol in the serum of the children from each group were measured at 2, 4, and 6 months. Results. 173 children completed the study. There was no difference between the two treatment groups (P = 0.514). The mean base retinol level was lower than that at four and six months (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The maternal double megadose supplement had no additional effect on the serum retinol levels of the children, although concentrations of retinol in the children rose in the first six months of life. This trial is registered with NCT00742937.

9.
Pediatrics ; 129(4): e960-6, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22412025

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postpartum vitamin A supplementation is a strategy used to combat vitamin A deficiency and seems to reduce maternal/infant morbidity and mortality. However, studies have shown that a dose of 200 000 IU (World Health Organization [WHO] protocol) does not seem to provide adequate retinol levels in maternal breast milk, infant serum, and infant tissue. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of postpartum maternal supplementation with 400 000 IU (International Vitamin A Consultative Group protocol) compared with 200 000 IU of vitamin A on infant morbidity. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial conducted at 2 public maternity hospitals in Recife in northeastern Brazil. There were 276 mother-child pairs that were allocated to 2 treatment groups: 400 000 IU or 200 000 IU of vitamin A. They were followed up for >6 months to evaluate infant morbidity. RESULTS: Fever (rate ratio [RR]: 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75-1.14]), diarrhea (RR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.72-1.28]), otitis (RR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.48-1.85]), acute respiratory infection (RR: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.88-1.21]), the need for intravenous rehydration (RR: 2.08 [95% CI: 0.64-2.07]), and the use of antibiotic treatment (RR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.43-1.47]) did not differ significantly between the 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that postpartum maternal supplementation with 400 000 IU of vitamin A does not provide any additional benefits in the reduction of illness in children aged <6 months; therefore, we do not support the proposal to increase the standard vitamin A dose in the existing WHO protocol.


Subject(s)
Diarrhea, Infantile/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements , Vitamin A Deficiency/drug therapy , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Milk, Human/chemistry , Morbidity/trends , Postpartum Period , Treatment Outcome , Vitamin A/pharmacokinetics , Vitamin A Deficiency/epidemiology , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Vitamins/pharmacokinetics , Young Adult
10.
Rev. saúde pública ; 43(4): 699-706, Aug. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520811

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se revisão sistemática de estudos avaliativos da aplicação de megadoses de vitamina A nas concentrações de retinol no sangue e no leite maternos como medida de curto prazo para a prevenção de hipovitaminose A. Com base na estratégia do Centro Cochrane do Brasil para ensaios clínicos aleatórios foram identificadas 115 publicações no PubMed, entre as quais, por um conjunto de critérios de inclusão/exclusão, foram selecionados 14 artigos publicados entre 1993 a 2007. O efeito das intervenções com três esquemas posológicos (200.000, 300.000 e 400.000 UI) de vitamina A foram analisados. Dos 11 experimentos realizados em leite materno, nove apresentaram elevação dos níveis de retinol em comparação com o grupo controle; dos nove que avaliaram sangue materno, quatro mostraram elevação após tempos variados de aplicação de megadoses de vitamina A. Conclui-se que a administração de vitamina A em elevadas doses foi positiva em 82 por cento dos ensaios com leite materno, mas menos notáveis em comparação ao sangue materno. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto à posologia aplicada.


A systematic review on studies evaluating the effect of applying megadoses of vitamin A on the retinol concentrations in maternal milk and blood, as a short-term measure for preventing hypovitaminosis A, was conducted. Based on the strategy of the Brazilian Cochrane Center for randomized trials, 115 published papers were identified in PubMed. From these, through a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 14 articles published between 1993 and 2007 were selected. The effects of interventions with three posological regimens (200,000, 300,000 and 400,000 IU) of vitamin A were analyzed. Out of 11 experiments conducted on maternal milk, nine presented elevation of the retinol levels in comparison with the control group; out of nine that evaluated maternal blood, four showed elevation at varying times after applying megadoses of vitamin A. It was concluded that the results from administration of vitamin A at high doses were positive in 82 percent of the trials on maternal milk, but less notable in relation to maternal blood. No significant differences regarding the posological regimens applied were observed.


Se realizó revisión sistemática de estudios evaluativos de la aplicación de megadosis de vitamina A en las concentraciones de retinol en la sangre y en la leche maternos como medida de corto plazo para la prevención de hipovitaminosis A. Con base en la estratégia del Centro Cochrane de Brasil para ensayos clínicos aleatorios fueron identificadas 115 publicaciones en el PubMed, entre las cuales, por un conjunto de criterios de inclusión/exclusión, fueron seleccionados 14 artículos publicados entre 1993 a 2007. El efecto de las intervenciones con tres esquemas posológicos (200.000. 300.000 y 400.000 UI) de vitamina A fueron analizados. De los 11 experimentos realizados en leche materna, nueve presentaron elevación de los niveles de retinol en comparación con el grupo control; de los nueve que evaluaron sangre materna, cuatro mostraron elevación posterior a tiempos variados de aplicación de megadosis de vitamina A. Se concluye que la administración de vitamina A en elevadas dosis fue positiva en 82 por ciento de los ensayos con leche materna, pero menos notables en comparación a la sangre materna. No fueron observadas diferencias significativas con relación a la posología aplicada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Milk, Human/chemistry , Postpartum Period/drug effects , Vitamin A Deficiency/prevention & control , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/blood , Lactation , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
11.
Rev Saude Publica ; 43(4): 699-706, 2009 Aug.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19547803

ABSTRACT

A systematic review on studies evaluating the effect of applying megadoses of vitamin A on the retinol concentrations in maternal milk and blood, as a short-term measure for preventing hypovitaminosis A, was conducted. Based on the strategy of the Brazilian Cochrane Center for randomized trials, 115 published papers were identified in PubMed. From these, through a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 14 articles published between 1993 and 2007 were selected. The effects of interventions with three posological regimens (200,000, 300,000 and 400,000 IU) of vitamin A were analyzed. Out of 11 experiments conducted on maternal milk, nine presented elevation of the retinol levels in comparison with the control group; out of nine that evaluated maternal blood, four showed elevation at varying times after applying megadoses of vitamin A. It was concluded that the results from administration of vitamin A at high doses were positive in 82% of the trials on maternal milk, but less notable in relation to maternal blood. No significant differences regarding the posological regimens applied were observed.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements/analysis , Milk, Human/chemistry , Postpartum Period/drug effects , Vitamin A Deficiency/prevention & control , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/blood , Female , Humans , Lactation , Pregnancy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
12.
Arq Gastroenterol ; 45(1): 93-5, 2008.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18425236

ABSTRACT

The effect of hydrolyzed partially guar-gum was evaluated in the treatment of functional constipation among hospitalized patients. Following a randomized blind controlled-trial 64 adults were allocated to two groups: one received daily high-fiber diet (approximately 30 g) and the other similar diet plus 10 g of hydrolyzed partially guar-gum, during 15 days. Dietary fiber reduced functional constipation by 78.0%. Hydrolyzed partially guar-gum did not show any additional effect in defecation frequency, fecal consistence, need of laxative drug use, although a reduction in bowel complaints. Dietary fiber may be used in the treatment of functional constipation. However the therapeutic role of hydrolyzed partially guar-gum should be further investigated.


Subject(s)
Constipation/diet therapy , Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements , Galactans/administration & dosage , Mannans/administration & dosage , Plant Gums/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Hydrolysis , Male , Middle Aged
13.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 45(1): 93-95, jan.-mar. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482014

ABSTRACT

Avaliação do impacto da fibra goma-guar parcialmente hidrolisada na constipação intestinal funcional em pacientes hospitalizados. Ensaio clínico com 64 adultos, randomizados para duas dietas: grupo 1 dieta laxante (± 30 g de fibras) e grupo 2 mesma dieta + 10 g de fibra goma-guar parcialmente hidrolisada, durante 15 dias. A dieta laxante ou acrescida da referida fibra reduziu em 78 por cento a constipação intestinal funcional, assim como sua adição não provocou efeito adicional na freqüência evacuatória, consistência fecal, uso de laxativos, embora tenha reduzido a sintomatologia gastrointestinal. Fibras devem ser utilizadas no tratamento da constipação intestinal funcional; entretanto, a suplementação com fibra goma-guar parcialmente hidrolisada precisa ser melhor investigada.


The effect of hydrolyzed partially guar-gum was evaluated in the treatment of functional constipation among hospitalized patients. Following a randomized blind controlled-trial 64 adults were allocated to two groups: one received daily high-fiber diet (@ 30 g) and the other similar diet plus 10 g of hydrolyzed partially guar-gum, during 15 days. Dietary fiber reduced functional constipation by 78.0 percent. Hydrolyzed partially guar-gum did not show any additional effect in defecation frequency, fecal consistence, need of laxative drug use, although a reduction in bowel complaints. Dietary fiber may be used in the treatment of functional constipation. However the therapeutic role of hydrolyzed partially guar-gum should be further investigated.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Constipation/diet therapy , Dietary Supplements , Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage , Galactans/administration & dosage , Mannans/administration & dosage , Plant Gums/administration & dosage , Hydrolysis
14.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(7): 1547-1552, jul. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452415

ABSTRACT

O estudo avaliou o efeito das intervenções com sulfato ferroso e com ferro bisglicina quelato nas concentrações de hemoglobina e ferritina sérica em escolares de 7-11 anos, de ambos os sexos, de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foi desenvolvido ensaio clínico-comunitário, randomizado, envolvendo 138 escolares, com níveis de hemoglobina < 11,5g/dL, alocados, individualmente, em dois grupos de tratamento. Um grupo (n = 71) recebeu 40mg de sulfato ferroso, uma vez/semana, e o outro (n = 67) 3,8mg de ferro bisglicina quelato, fracionados em biscoitos consumidos três vezes/semana, durante oito semanas. Houve um incremento (p < 0,01) médio, nas concentrações de hemoglobina, de 1,1g/dL entre os escolares que receberam sulfato ferroso e de 0,9g/dL para aqueles que receberam ferro bisglicina quelato, embora sem diferença (p > 0,05) na comparação intergrupos. Nenhum impacto foi observado (p > 0,05) nas reservas corporais de ferro. Entretanto, escolares que apresentaram depleção das reservas corporais de ferro (< 15ng/mL), no início dos tratamentos, tiveram aumento (p < 0,01) nas concentrações médias de ferritina sérica, após a intervenção, embora com efeito similar (p > 0,05) entre os grupos de tratamento. Os resultados confirmam a efetividade das intervenções e ratificam o uso do esquema semanal com sulfato ferroso e com ferro bisglicina quelato no tratamento da deficiência do mineral e da anemia ferropriva.


This study evaluated the effectiveness of supplementation with ferrous sulfate and iron bis-glycinate chelate on hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels among schoolchildren (7-11 years) of both sexes. A randomized community-based trial including 138 anemic children (hemoglobin < 11.5g/dL) was conducted in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. Children were assigned to two treatment groups on an individual basis. One group (n = 71) received 40mg iron as ferrous sulfate once weekly and the other group (n = 67) received 3.8mg of iron bis-glycinate chelate-enriched cookies, 3x/week, for 8 weeks. The interventions showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in hemoglobin levels (1.1g/dL) for children who received ferrous sulfate and 0.9g/dl in those who received iron bis-glycinate chelate, although not significant in the inter-group comparison (p > 0.05). No effect was observed on body iron for either intervention (p > 0.05). Children with depleted iron stores (< 15ng/mL) at the beginning of interventions showed increased serum ferritin concentrations after 8 weeks (p < 0.01), although no difference between treatments (p > 0.05) was observed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the iron supplementation interventions and corroborate the use of iron salts or ferrous bisglycinate chelate on a weekly basis to overcome iron deficiency and anemia.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Dietary Supplements/standards , Ferritins/blood , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Hemoglobins/analysis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Biomarkers , Brazil , Glycine Agents/administration & dosage , Glycine/administration & dosage , Students
15.
Cad Saude Publica ; 23(7): 1547-52, 2007 Jul.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17572803

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effectiveness of supplementation with ferrous sulfate and iron bis-glycinate chelate on hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels among schoolchildren (7-11 years) of both sexes. A randomized community-based trial including 138 anemic children (hemoglobin < 11.5 g/dL) was conducted in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. Children were assigned to two treatment groups on an individual basis. One group (n = 71) received 40 mg iron as ferrous sulfate once weekly and the other group (n = 67) received 3.8 mg of iron bis-glycinate chelate-enriched cookies, 3x/week, for 8 weeks. The interventions showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in hemoglobin levels (1.1g/dL) for children who received ferrous sulfate and 0.9 g/dl in those who received iron bis-glycinate chelate, although not significant in the inter-group comparison (p > 0.05). No effect was observed on body iron for either intervention (p > 0.05). Children with depleted iron stores (< 15 ng/mL) at the beginning of interventions showed increased serum ferritin concentrations after 8 weeks (p < 0.01), although no difference between treatments (p > 0.05) was observed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the iron supplementation interventions and corroborate the use of iron salts or ferrous bisglycinate chelate on a weekly basis to overcome iron deficiency and anemia.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Dietary Supplements/standards , Ferritins/blood , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Hemoglobins/analysis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Biomarkers , Brazil , Child , Female , Glycine/administration & dosage , Glycine Agents/administration & dosage , Humans , Male , Students
16.
Cad Saude Publica ; 23(6): 1415-21, 2007 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17546332

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of weekly iron supplementation with or without vitamin A in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, using an experimental, randomized, non-placebo-controlled design in 1999. 267 schoolchildren 6 to 14 years of age were randomized to two treatment groups: one group (144) received 200mg iron sulfate alone, with 40 mg of elemental iron, while the other (123) received the same iron supplementation dose plus 10,000 IU of vitamin A (both groups for 30 weeks). Final anemia prevalence was reduced from 48.4% to 17.7% (p < 0.001) in the group receiving iron supplementation alone and 58.1% to 14.3% (p < 0.001) in the group receiving iron plus vitamin A. There was no significant difference between the groups at the end of the study according to mean Hb (p = 0.355) and anemia (p = 0.479). There was a significant correction for iron deficiency anemia with weekly iron-alone supplementation, but with no additional advantage of vitamin A. New studies on the synergism between these two micronutrients are recommended.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Dietary Supplements , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Hemoglobins/analysis , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Child , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Treatment Outcome
17.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(6): 1415-1421, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452245

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da suplementação de ferro, associado ou não à vitamina A, na anemia ferropriva, administrado semanalmente, realizou-se ensaio clínico comunitário, randomizado, não controlado por placebo, em 1999. Uma amostra probabilística de 267 escolares de ambos os sexos com 6 a 14 anos de idade foram casualizados em bloco segundo dois tipos de intervenção: um grupo (144) recebeu 200mg de sulfato ferroso com (40mg de ferro elementar) e o outro (123) recebeu dose similar de sulfato ferroso associado a 10.000 UI de vitamina A, durante 30 semanas. A prevalência de anemia ao final foi reduzida de 48,4 por cento, para 17,7 por cento (p < 0,001), no grupo que recebeu sulfato ferroso, e de 58,1 por cento, para 14,3 por cento (p < 0,001), no grupo que recebeu sulfato ferroso associado à vitamina A. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos, ao final do estudo, quanto às médias de Hb (p = 0,355) e à proporção de anêmicos (p = 0,479). Corrigiu-se significantemente a anemia ferropriva com suplementação semanal de sulfato ferroso, mas não houve vantagem adicional com a associação da vitamina A. Sugerem-se novos estudos sobre o sinergismo desses micronutrientes.


This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of weekly iron supplementation with or without vitamin A in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, using an experimental, randomized, non-placebo-controlled design in 1999. 267 schoolchildren 6 to 14 years of age were randomized to two treatment groups: one group (144) received 200mg iron sulfate alone, with 40mg of elemental iron, while the other (123) received the same iron supplementation dose plus 10,000 IU of vitamin A (both groups for 30 weeks). Final anemia prevalence was reduced from 48.4 percent to 17.7 percent (p < 0.001) in the group receiving iron supplementation alone and 58.1 percent to 14.3 percent (p < 0.001) in the group receiving iron plus vitamin A. There was no significant difference between the groups at the end of the study according to mean Hb (p = 0.355) and anemia (p = 0.479). There was a significant correction for iron deficiency anemia with weekly iron-alone supplementation, but with no additional advantage of vitamin A. New studies on the synergism between these two micronutrients are recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Ferrous Sulfate , Nutritional Status , Students , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Vitamin A , Brazil , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Rev. bras. nutr. clín ; 20(4): 265-271, oct.-dic. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552244

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As concentrações séricas de vitamina A e do ferro se encontram alteradas na insuficiência renal crônica. Objetivo: Discutir os aspectos que envolvem as alterações metabólicas e funcionais da vitamina A e do ferro em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise. Métodos: Foi realizada uma seleção de estudos relevantes a partir de banco de dados (Medline, Scielo e Lilacs), bem como a partir de livros e teses acadêmicas sobre o tema. Resultados: Segundo a pesquisa bibliográfica, as concentrações séricas de vitamina A se encontram elevadas na insuficiência renal crônica, porém pouco se sabe sobre os possíveis efeitos tóxicos do excesso dessa vitamina no tratamento dialítico. Entre os fatores que ppodem contribuir para esse quadro estão à diminuição da conversão do retinol a ácido retinóico, que é uma função do rim e um acúmulo da proteína carreadora do retinol. A deficiência de ferro afeta mais de 50% dos pacientes em diálise e as perdas desse micronutriente, estimadas para esses pacientes ficam em torno de 1,5 a 3 g por ano. A suplementação com ferro e eritropoietina tem frequentemente restaurado os níveis de hematócrito para valores normais ou próximos aos normais. No entanto, recentemente, tem se levantado à questão de que grandes doses ferro parenteral podem estar associadas com a morbimortalidade, principalmente por infecção e doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Uma melhor compreensão dos aspectos metabólicos da vitamina A e do ferro, em pacientes recebendo hemodiálise, contribuirá para uma abordagem terapêuticas mais racional .


Background: Serum concentrations of vitamin A and iron are altered in chronic renal failure. Objective: To discuss the aspects that involve the metabolic and functional alterations of vitamin A and iron in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We performed a selection of relevant studies from the database (Medline, Lilacs and Scielo) as well as from books and academic theses on the subject. Results: According to the literature, serum concentrations of vitamin A are elevated in chronic renal failure, but little is known about the possible toxic effects of excess of vitamin A in dialysis. PPOD Among the factors that contribute to this framework are to decrease the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid, which is a function of the kidney and a buildup of retinol binding protein. Iron deficiency affects more than 50% of patients on dialysis and loss of this micronutrient, these patients are estimated to be around 1.5 to 3 g per year. Supplementation with iron and erythropoietin is often restored the levels of hematocrit to normal or near-normal. However, it has recently risen to the point that large doses of parenteral iron may be associated with morbidity and mortality, mainly due to infection and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: A better understanding of metabolic aspects of vitamin A and iron in patients receiving hemodialysis, contribute to a more rational therapeutic approach.


Antecedentes: Las concentraciones séricas de vitamina A y hierro son alterados en la insuficiencia renal crónica. Objetivo: Discutir los aspectos que involucran las alteraciones metabólicas y funcionales de la vitamina A y hierro en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis. Métodos: Se realizó una selección de los estudios pertinentes de la base de datos (Medline, Lilacs y Scielo), así como de libros y tesis académicas sobre el tema. Resultados: De acuerdo a la literatura, las concentraciones séricas de vitamina A se encuentran elevados en la insuficiencia renal crónica, pero poco se sabe sobre los posibles efectos tóxicos del exceso de vitamina A en diálisis. PPOD Entre los factores que contribuyen a este marco son la reducción de la conversión de retinol a ácido retinoico, que es una función del riñón y una acumulación de la proteína transportadora de retinol. La deficiencia de hierro afecta a más del 50% de los pacientes en diálisis y la pérdida de este micronutriente, estos pacientes se estima en alrededor de 1,5 a 3 g por año. La suplementación con hierro y eritropoyetina suele ser restaurado los niveles de hematocrito a lo normal o casi normal. Sin embargo, recientemente ha aumentado hasta el punto de que grandes dosis de hierro parenteral puede estar asociada con una morbilidad y mortalidad, principalmente debido a la infección y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Conclusión: Una mejor comprensión de los aspectos metabólicos de la vitamina A y hierro en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis, contribuir a un enfoque terapéutico más racional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Renal Dialysis , Iron/analysis , Iron/toxicity , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy , Vitamin A/analysis , Vitamin A/toxicity , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis
19.
Rev. bras. saúde matern. infant ; 1(1): 31-6, jan.-abr. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-281951

ABSTRACT

A hipovitaminose A é um dos mais importantes problemas nutricionais nos países em desenvolvimento, tanto em termos de magnitude e distribuiçäo espacial, quanto de efeitos deletérios à saúde. Constitui a principal causa de cegueira prevenível na infância. Estudos epidemiológicos têm demonstrado o papel crucial da vitamina A na reduçäo da mortalidade infantil e materna, embora os efeitos sobre a morbidade sejam menos consistentes. A distribuiçäo universal de megadoses de vitamina A tem sido a medida emergencial mais utilizada na prevençäo e controle da carência. A fortificaçäo, bem como, o estímulo à produçäo e ao consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A säo açöes a serem desenvolvidas a médio e longo prazos. Os principais desafios para o controle da carência de vitamina A, nas próximas décadas, devem estar consubstanciados em um programa alicerçado em três linhas básicas de açäo: a complementaçäo diagnóstica, a intervençäo em larga escala e o monitoramento/avaliaçäo das açöes.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Food, Fortified , Maternal and Child Health , Vitamin A Deficiency/prevention & control , Xerophthalmia
20.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 76(supl.3): S311-S322, dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-279211

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O presente artigo se propõe a realizar uma revisão sobre a hipovitaminose A e os efeitos da suplementação com essa vitamina na morbi-mortabilidade infantil. Métodos: Foram utilizados, como fontes de dados, artigos publicados em revistas científicas indexadas, livros técnicos e publicações de organismos internacionais. Resultados: As manifestações clínicas da xeroftalmia ocorrem tanto na retina (cegueira noturna) como na conjuntiva e na córnea (xerose conjuntival, com ou sem manchas de Bitot e xerose corneal). A última pode evoluir para a úlcera corneal e para a necrose liquefativa (ceratomalácia). Esses sinais e sintomas são, a priori, os melhores indicadores no diagnóstico da carência, porém são extremamente raros. Entre os indicadores laboratoriais destacam-se a Citologia de impressão conjuntival e as dosagens de retinol sérico. A OMS sugere a utilização de dois indicadores biológicos para caracterizar a deficiência de vitamina A numa população. No caso de apenas um indicador biológico, esse deve ser respaldado por um conjunto de quatro fatores de risco adicionais. A xeroftalmia corneal deve ser tratada como uma emergência médica; no momento da suspeita diagnóstica, o esquema terapêutico e 200.000 UI de vitamina A via oral, repetindo-se o tratamento com 24 horas (metade da dose para os menores de um ano). A suplementação com vitamina A em áreas onde a deficiência é endêmica pode levar a uma diminuição de 23 por cento a 30 por cento na mortalidade de crianças de 6 meses a cinco anos de idade, bem como atenuar a gravidade da diarréia. Dentre as estratégias de controle da hipovitaminose A, são apresentadas as medidas de curto prazo (suplementação com megadoses), médio prazo (fortificação de alimentos) e longo prazo (diversificação dietética). Conclusão: existem evidências de vitamina A entre crianças brasileiras, e o pediatra deve estar atento à ocorrência, ainda que esporádica, dos sinais e sintomas dessa deficiência. Torna-se imperativo incluir a vitamina A na agenda das políticas publicas que visam melhorar a sobrevivência infantil


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Infant , Vitamin A Deficiency
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